Preliminary Investigation into the use of Solar PV Systems for Residential Application in Bandar Sri Iskandar, Malaysia

Very good technical article for your reference :-

Preliminary Investigation into the use of Solar PV Systems for Residential Application in Bandar Sri Iskandar, Malaysia
http://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=jas.2011.2012.2017#f2

Photovoltaic technology is widely used around the worlds in locations with scarce power generation options. It is used for various applications and Building Integrated Photovoltaic system is one of them. However, photovoltaic are still expensive compared to conventional methods of generating electricity. So, a careful design of the system is required to ensure economic viability. This study describes a preliminary investigation of a Solar PV System for residential applications in Bandar Sri Iskandar. Sizing procedures based on the peak sun hour concept is described for a Malaysian typical terraced house. Current and voltage measurements of the solar panel were carried out to predict the output under actual conditions at site.                 

INTRODUCTION
In the near future, Malaysia is expected to be a net importer of oil, and the nation will have to live up to issues related to the security of supply and their economic consequences. It is also anticipated that the energy demand for the country would increase with the increase in population and GDP. Based on the current economic growth rates, Pusat Tenaga Malaysia have projected that Malaysia would become a net importer of energy between 2010 and 2015 (Aun, 2004).
Realizing the situation, it is important that further emphasis is given into the diversification of energy resources. One method is the exploitation of renewable energy to minimize the effects of global warming. Although technology and design play an important role, individual energy consumption patterns have a great impact on reducing the national energy demand. Therefore energy saving initiatives need to be practiced within the society at large.
The Malaysian governments have carried out programs to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy (Taha, 2003). One of them is to introduce subsidies for on-grid solar PV system installations. As shown in Fig. 1, the peak electricity load occurs during the daytime (office hours) which means that the electricity energy demand comes from industries and office buildings. An on-grid renewable energy system would be applicable for industries and offices at this time. As opposed to the high day-time energy consumption, the peak demand for residential users occurs towards the end of the day.
On-grid PV systems are considered as distributed power generation and do not require energy storage. They will supply excess energy to the grid and reduce dependency on centralized power generation during the day. At night, customers that use on-grid PV systems will use electricity from the grid whereas off-grid system users will use energy from energy storage. This means on-grid system users will still need to pay for their electricity consumption.
The other factors which hinder the usage of PV systems, include high initials cost and the lack of support from the Malaysian government. The only form of available support from the government is the on-grid PV installation and even so, has not been able to provide significant reduction in capital cost.
Solar PV systems are commercially available for residential power supply. Such systems are attached to houses or buildings and commonly known as Building Integrated Photovoltaic systems (BIPV) (Ruther et al., 2008; Bloem, 2008; Bakos et al., 2003). It is expected that the BIPV system will be able to play an important role in the reduction and subsequent replacement of fossil fuels to provide electricity (Bakos et al., 2003).
Sizing is an essential part of solar PV system design to ensure reliability of the system. Sizing considers reliability of energy supply by ensuring the number of solar panels used to capture solar energy and the capacity of the batteries for energy storage is sufficient (Pascual, 2007).

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CONCLUSION
A simple deterministic method was used to estimate the sizing of a solar panel and battery system. For a Malaysian typical terrace house, the average value of electrical energy demand is about 6000 Wh day^-1 and about 23% of the daily load is used for lighting. The PSH value for Malaysia is 4-5 h and the measured data in the month of February, indicates a PSH value of 4.5 h. According to the calculations, the solar panel size required to provide energy for residential lighting is about 400 Wp. The battery capacity required for the above panel size was found to be 864 Ah. The short circuit current value of the panel increased from 3.4 Amperes at 390 W m^-2 to 6.9 Amperes at 720 W m^-2. The open circuit voltage values of the solar panel reduced from 19.5 Volts at 390 W m^-2 to 18.5 Volts at 720 W m^-2. The maximum power point was found to be dependent on the irradiance. The I-V measurements during actual conditions show that the solar panel output is dependent on irradiance. This output is also found to be lower than the output at STC.

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Malaysia have joined the rest of the country to do Feed-in Tariff

Malaysia have joined the rest of the country to do Feed-in Tariff
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed-in_tariff

6.1 Algeria

6.2 Australia

6.3 Canada

6.4 China

6.5 Czech Republic

6.6 France

6.7 Germany

6.8 Greece

6.9 India

6.10 Indonesia

6.11 Iran

6.12 Ireland

6.13 Israel

6.14 Italy

6.15 Japan

6.16 The Netherlands

6.17 South Africa

6.18 Spain

6.19 Switzerland

6.20 Thailand

6.21 Uganda

6.22 Ukraine

6.23 United Kingdom

6.24 United States

• 6.24.1 California
• 6.24.2 Florida
• 6.24.3 Hawaii
• 6.24.4 Maine
• 6.24.5 New York
• 6.24.6 Oregon
• 6.24.7 Vermont

6.25 Puerto Rico

Followup on Payment from TNB for FiAH FIT SEDA

For your information, to Followup on Payment from TNB for FiAH FIT SEDA, you can call up TNB Solar FiT Dept to check  +603-7967-9000

Br,
Customer Service
http://solar.ecosensa.com

Malaysia FiT Feed In Tariff for Individual, Company and Community

For Individual applications:
- Maximum capacity per application: 12 kWp
- Maximum Feed In Application (FiA): 2 applications per individual
- Maximum total capacity per individual: 24 kWp
- Application charge: RM10 per kWp and minimum RM100
- Processing charge: RM100 (online), RM200 (manual)
- FiA Transfer charge: RM1000 ( sell property etc)
- FiA Transfer charge: RM200 (pass away)
- Feed in Applicant(FiA) and property owner can be different person (parents, siblings, children and etc)

For Company applications:
- Maximum capacity per company: 30 MWp
- Maximum capacity per individual in company: 5MWp
- Company need to declare shareholder until individual, PLC, GLC or foreign company
- Announced 20 MWp quota for Solar PV system < 500kWp announced for end of Mar 2013
- For capacity > 24kWP, regessesion rate changed from -8% yearly to -20% yearly starting 2013
- Company need to have paid up capital of 20k for <24kWp and 50k for >24kWp

For Community applications:
- Proposal for community application for house of worship, hall, etc and max capacity 24kWp

For more details, visit www.seda.gov.my or http://solar.EcoSensa.com or email solar @ ecosensa.com